What is CBD? What is CBD Oil?
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a naturally occurring constituent of industrial hemp/cannabis. Its formula is C21H30O2 and it has a molecular mass of 314.4636. It is the most abundant non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in cannabis, and is being scientifically investigated for various reasons.
Cannabidiol—CBD—is a hemp/cannabis derived compound that has
significant medical benefits, but does not make people feel “stoned” and
can actually counteract the psychoactivity of THC.
CBD oil is a cannabis oil (whether derived from marijuana or industrial hemp, as the word cannabis is the latin genus name for both) that has significant amounts of cannabidiol (CBD) contained within it. CBD products and extracts are also derived from industrial hemp, so they could be considered CBD-rich hemp oil, hemp derived CBD oil, CBD-rich cannabis oil, or plainly “hemp extracts” since they typically contain much more than just CBD. Again, cannabis doesn't mean marijuana, but is the genus name, and general umbrella term which all forms of marijuana and hemp fall under.
What’s the difference between Hemp and Marijuana?
To better understand the difference, we need to get botanical. Hemp and marijuana are different varieties of the same plant species Canabis Sativa L. It’s like how dogs and wolves are different breeds of Canis Lupis. They are related but differ in scientific make-up and how they are cultivated or bred. For example, hemp is made to grow upward like bamboo (10-15’ high) specifically for its stalks and seeds which are used for textiles, food, paper, body care products, plastics and building materials. That’s why it’s most often referred to as “industrial hemp”.
Marijuana, on the other hand, is grown out like a bush to cultivate the leaves and cannabis flowers used for medicinal and recreational purposes.
David P. West, PhD of the North American Industrial Hemp Council and renowned commercial corn breeder explains that a biochemical method further classifies Cannabis plants by their unique molecular compounds called cannabinoids - the most common being CBD and THC. Marijuana is low in CBD and contains 5-10% THC which is the psychoactive ingredient that gives a “high”. Industrial hemp conversely is high in CBD and has a low .3-1.5% level of THC and considered non-narcotic.
Scientifically when it comes to naming, industrial Hemp and Marijuana are the same plant, with a genus and species using the name of Cannabis Sativa. BUT they have a drastically different genetic profile though. Industrial Hemp is always a strain of Cannabis sativa, while marijuana can be Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, or Cannabis ruderalis. The major difference is how industrial hemp has been bred compared to a marijuana form of Cannabis sativa. Typically speaking, industrial hemp is very fibrous, with long strong stalks, and barely has any flowering buds, while a marijuana strain of Cannabis sativa will be smaller, bushier, and full of flowering buds. However, newer industrial hemp varieties in the USA are being bred to have more flowers and higher yields of cannabinoids and terpenes, but no THC.
99% of the time marijuana has a high amount of psychoactive THC and only a very low amount of CBD. Hemp, on the other hand, naturally has a very high amount of CBD in most instances, and only a trace amount of pyschoactive THC. Fortunately, the cannabinoid profile of hemp is ideal for people looking for benefits from cannabis without the ‘high.’ Hemp is used for making herbal supplements, food, fiber, rope, paper, bricks, oil, natural plastic, and so much more, whereas marijuana is usually used just recreationally, spiritually, and medicinally. The term cannabis oil can refer to either a marijuana or hemp derived oil, since marijuana and hemp are two different forms of cannabis.
In the USA the legal definition of “industrial hemp,” per Section 7606 of the Agricultural Appropriations Act of 2014, is “INDUSTRIAL HEMP — The term ‘‘industrial hemp’’ means the plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of such plant, whether growing or not, with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis.”
Are hemp derived cannabinoids such as CBD as good as CBD from marijuana?
The short answer is yes. CBD is CBD, whether from marijuana or hemp. Most marijuana has a very low non-psychoactive cannabinoid profile (like CBD, CBC, CBG), so most of the time hemp would be much more preferable for anything besides THC. Marijuana is usually very high in THC (gives people the high) but usually very low in other non-psychoactive cannabinoids.
Is a standard hemp seed oil the same as a high-CBD hemp extract?
Absolutely not. Standard hemp seed oil, which can be found very cheaply at a grocery store, is a much different product than hemp extracts (not from seed). Standard hemp oil is produced by cold pressing the seeds, whereas hemp extract is a supercritical CO2 extraction of the hemp plant itself, not the seeds. Hemp seed oil is considered to be a great nutritive food, but it doesn't have the naturally occurring terpenes, cannabinoids and other components that our extracts do have.
Will you get ‘high’?
No. Hemp Extract products are all made from industrial hemp, which only has trace amounts of THC, so there is no psychoactive effect.
What is the endocannabinoid system (ECS)?
“The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a group of endogenous cannabinoid receptors located in the mammalian brain and throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, consisting of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors.” Wikipedia
There are two main types of receptors in the ECS, CB1 and CB2. CB1 receptors are primarily located in the central nervous system and brains of mammals, and CB2 are generally found in the peripheral nervous system. There are two main cannabinoids mammals produce- 2AG and Anandamide (named after the Sanskrit term “ananda” which translates to “peace”).
For hundreds of millions of years every vertebrate on Earth (which obviously would include dogs and cats!) has been equipped with this ECS, a crucial system in the body, and it has been known about in the scientific and medical communities since the 1980’s. However, this body system still not taught about in most medical schools due to politics.
Scientific research has shown CBD
may be therapeutic for many conditions. In compiling a list of
conditions that CBD may help, we examined hundreds of peer-reviewed
articles in scientific journals. Relevant reports have been culled
primarily from PubMed, online service of the U.S. National Library of
Medicine. To these highly technical reports, we have added articles from
O'Shaughnessy's and a few stories from general interest publications. Most of the PubMed material consists of abstracts on preclinical research involving single cannabinoid molecules, test tubes, petri dishes, animal experiments, and in some cases human cell-line studies. Although all mammals have cell receptors that respond pharmacologically to cannabinoid compounds, data from animal experiments and other preclinical research is not always applicable to humans. GW Pharmaceuticals has conducted successful trials of Sativex, a whole plant CBD-rich cannabis extract, mainly for people suffering from neuropathic pain; summaries of this research are also included. There have been additional studies with synthetic CBD and whole plant cannabis in Brazil and Israel. Unfortunately, political constraints have blocked clinical-oriented CBD research in the United States.
Cancer
General
- CBD as potential anticancer drug
- CBD inhibits angiogenesis by multiple mechanisms
- The inhibitory effects of CBD on systemic malignant tumors
- CBD inhibits cancer cell invasion via upregulation of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1
- Marijuana fights cancer and helps manage side effects
- In vitro and in vivo efficacy of non-psychoactive cannabidiol in neuroblastoma
- The Influence of Biomechanical Properties and Cannabinoids on Tumor Invasion
- Antitumorigenic targets of cannabinoids - current status and implications
Bladder
Brain
- Cannabidiol enhances the inhibitory effects of delta9-THC on human glioblastoma cell proliferation and survival
- Antitumor effects of CBD, a nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, on human glioma cell lines
- Systematic review of the literature on clinical and experimental trials on the antitumor effects of cannabinoids in gliomas
- CBD inhibits human glioma cell migration through a cannabinoid receptor-independent mechanism
- Id-1 is a key transcriptional regulator of glioblastoma aggressiveness and a novel therapeutic target
- Triggering of the TRPV2 channel by cannabidiol sensitizes glioblastoma cells to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents
- CBD inhibits proliferation and invasion in U87-MG and T98G glioma cells through a multitarget effect
- Local delivery of cannabinoid-loaded microparticles inhibits tumor growth in a murine xenograft model of glioblastoma multiforme
- Synergistic responses between cannabidiol and DNA-damaging agents on the proliferation and viability of glioblastoma and neural progenitor cells in culture
Breast
- Antitumor activity of plant cannabinoids with emphasis on the effect of cannabidiol on human breast carcinoma
- CBD induces programmed cell death in breast cancer cells by coordinating the cross-talk between apoptosis and autophagy
- Pathways mediating the effects of CBD on the reduction of breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis
- CBD as a novel inhibitor of Id-1 gene expression in aggressive breast cancer cells
- Cannabidiolic acid, a major cannabinoid in fiber-type cannabis, is an inhibitor of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell migration
- CBD-A mediated selective down-regulation of c-fos in highly aggressive breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells
Colon
- Chemopreventive effect of the non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol on experimental colon cancer
- Inhibition of colon carcinogenesis by a standardized Cannabis sativa extract with high content of CBD
- Induction of apoptosis by cannabinoids in prostate and colon cancer cells is phosphatase dependent
Endocrine
- Endocannabinoids in endocrine and related tumours
- A comparative study on CBD-induced apoptosis in murine thymocytes and EL-4 thymoma cells
Kaposi Sarcoma
Leukemia
- CBD-induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells: A novel role of cannabidiol in the regulation of p22phox and Nox4 expression
- CBD-Induced Apoptosis in Human Leukemia Cells
Lung
- CBD inhibits lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis via intercellular adhesion molecule-1C
- COX-2 and PPAR-γ confer cannabidiol-induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells
- Decrease of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 may contribute to the anti-invasive action of CBD on human lung cancer cells
- Media ignored expert’s shocking findings that marijuana helps prevent lung cancer
Pain
- Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of THC:CBD extract and THC extract in patients with intractable cancer-related pain
- Nabiximols for opioid-treated cancer patients with poorly-controlled chronic pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled, graded-dose trial
- Marijuana extract helps prevent chemo pain
Prostate
- Towards the use of non-psychoactive cannabinoids for prostate cancer
- In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Plant-Derived Cannabidiol on Prostate Cancer Cell Lines
- Induction of apoptosis by cannabinoids in prostate and colon cancer cells is phosphatase dependent
Skin
Inflammation
- Cannabidiol as an emergent therapeutic strategy for lessening the impact of inflammation on oxidative stress
- The endocannabinoid system: an emerging key player in inflammation
- Anti-inflammatory role of cannabidiol and O-1602 in cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in mice
- Cannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and related analogs in inflammation
- Cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic plant-derived cannabinoid, decreases inflammation in a murine model of acute lung injury: role for the adenosine A(2A) receptor
- Cannabinoids suppress inflammatory and neuropathic pain by targeting α3 glycine receptors
- Cannabidiol reduces intestinal inflammation through the control of neuroimmune axis
- Diabetic retinopathy: Role of inflammation and potential therapies for anti-inflammation
- Cannabidiol reduces Aβ-induced neuroinflammation and promotes hippocampal neurogenesis through PPARγ involvement
- Cannabidiol attenuates high glucose-induced endothelial cell inflammatory response and barrier disruption
- Vanilloid TRPV1 receptor mediates the antihyperalgesic effect of the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, cannabidiol, in a rat model of acute inflammation
- Cannabidiol attenuates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by decreasing oxidative/nitrosative stress, inflammation, and cell death
- Cannabinoids in clinical practice
- Pure THC-V inhibits nitrite production in murine peritoneal macrophages
- Cannabinoids, inflammation, and fibrosis
- Amyloid proteotoxicity initiates an inflammatory response blocked by cannabinoids
Nausea
- Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system
- CBD, a non-psychotropic component of cannabis, attenuates vomiting and nausea-like behaviour via indirect agonism of 5-HT(1A) somatodendritic autoreceptors in the dorsal raphe nucleus
- Cannabidiolic acid prevents vomiting in Suncus murinus and nausea-induced behaviour in rats by enhancing 5-HT1A receptor activation
- Interaction between non-psychotropic cannabinoids in marihuana: effect of cannabigerol (CBG) on the anti-nausea or anti-emetic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in rats and shrews
- Regulation of nausea and vomiting by cannabinoids
- CBD: its synthetic dimethylheptyl homolog suppress nausea in an experimental model with rats
- Preliminary efficacy and safety of an oromucosal standardized cannabis extract in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
- Effect of combined oral doses of THC & CBDA on acute and anticipatory nausea in rat models
Neuropathic Pain
- Meta-analysis of cannabis based treatments for neuropathic and multiple sclerosis-related pain
- Sativex: Clinical efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of symptoms of multiple sclerosis and neuropathic pain
- Cannabis, pain, and sleep: Sativex Clinical Trials
- Sativex successfully treats neuropathic pain characterised by allodynia: clinical trial
- Cannabinoids for neuropathic pain
- Neuropathic orofacial pain: Cannabinoids as a therapeutic avenue
- Oromucosal delta9-THC/CBD for neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis
- The non-psychoactive cannabis constituent cannabidiol is an orally effective therapeutic agent in rat chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain
- Vanilloid TRPV1 receptor mediates the antihyperalgesic effect of the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, cannabidiol, in a rat model of acute inflammation
- Cannabidiol inhibits paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain through 5-HT1A receptors without diminishing nervous system function or chemotherapy efficacy
- Antihyperalgesic effect of a Cannabis sativa extract in a rat model of neuropathic pain
- Non-psychoactive cannabinoids modulate the descending pathway of antinociception in anaesthetized rats through several mechanisms of action
- Cannabinoids suppress inflammatory and neuropathic pain by targeting α3 glycine receptors
- Role of the cannabinoid system in pain control and therapeutic implications for the management of acute and chronic pain episodes
- Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain
- Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of THC:CBD extract and THC extract in patients with intractable cancer-related pain
- Marijuana extract helps prevent chemo pain
Epilepsy & Seizure Disorders
- CBD for children with Dravet’s and intractable seizures (Video)
- Report of a parent survey of CBD-enriched cannabis use in pediatric treatment-resistant epilepsy
- Medicinal marijuana stops seizures, brings hope to a little girl
- Cannabinoids for epilepsy
- Cannabis, CBD, and epilepsy – From receptors to clinical response
- The non-psychotropic plant cannabinoids, cannabidivarin (CBDV) and cannabidiol (CBD), activate and desensitize transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in vitro: potential for the treatment of neuronal hyperexcitability
- Chronic administration of CBD to healthy volunteers and epileptic patients
- Endocannabinoid system protects against cryptogenic seizures
- Seizing an opportunity for the endocannabinoid system
- Cannabidiol: promise and pitfalls
- Cannabidiol: Pharmacology and potential therapeutic role in epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric disorders
- Report of a parent survey of cannabidiol-enriched cannabis use in pediatric treatment-resistant epilepsy
- From the Editors: Cannabidiol and medical marijuana for the treatment of epilepsy
- Cannabidivarin (CBDV) suppressespentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-inducedincreases in epilepsy-related gene expression
- CBD exerts anti-convulsant effects in animal models of temporal lobe and partial seizures
- Cannabidiol displays antiepileptiform and antiseizure properties in vitro and in vivo
- Hypnotic and antiepileptic effects of CBD
- The cannabinoids as potential antiepileptics
- Cannabidiol–antiepileptic drug comparisons and interactions in experimentally induced seizures in rats
- CBD Post-Treatment Alleviates Rat Epileptic-Related Behaviors
- Pharmacology of cannabinoids in the treatment of epilepsy
- Therapeutic effects of cannabinoids in animal models of seizures, epilepsy, epileptogenesis, and epilepsy-related neuroprotection
Owner Survey:
- 92.6% of ALL respondents favored CBD cannibinoids to SOME, MOST or ANY medications*
- 73.0% report CBD INHIBITED CELL GROWTH IN TUMORS / CANCER CELLS*
- 95.0% report CBD provides PAIN RELIEF*
- 82.3% report CBD helps REDUCE VOMITING OR NAUSEA*
*Survey conducted by Colorado State University, published in the Journal of the AHVMA, 2016. Results are from 457 dog owners, with an opinion, confirming that products like Canna-Pet® products have helped a moderate amount or a lot with individual issues.
I haven’t seen any official scientific studies done on dogs proving the claimed benefits CBD (if you know of one, please contact me) but there is a lot of anecdotal evidence at the below links that makes it appear to be a pretty promising health supplement. However, there have been various pre-clinical, general cannabis research done on both humans and lab animals that prove there is some medical benefit in those cases. It’s not a large leap of faith to assume that dogs can experience similar benefits as humans and lab animals.
Read all the testimonials on pets, it's pretty wild.
https://canna-pet.com/testimonials/
https://www.bluebird-botanicals.com/product/classic-hemp-10ml/ I just ordered this for myself to try it on me and my wife
https://www.treatibles.com/blogs/updates?page=1
https://www.petreleaf.com/cbd/customer-reviews
https://cbdpettreats.us/shop/dog-treats-cbd-5mg/
I didn't get the chance to use this myself in time for Lucy. I regret not trying it on her.
Lucy never did radiation or chemo, she only did the Tippner Protocol. The Tippner Cancer Protocol combines immunotherapy and molecular cancer therapy using off the shelf readily available inexpensive natural substances. Here is her list. She lived more than 5 years after diagnosis by biopsy
I buy most of the stuff from Swanson Vitamins. They are cheaper, in capsules for dosage changes, and carry almost everything I give to Lucy except for the Chinese Herbs Stasis Breaker prescription, Yunnan Bai Yao for bleeding, and the Low Dose Naltrexone prescription.