Canine Melanoma Vaccine

Canine Melanoma Vaccine Gets Conditional OK




The U.S. Department of Agriculture has conditionally licensed a vaccine to treat canine oral melanoma—the first approved therapeutic vaccine for the treatment of cancer in either animals or humans, according to the company that produces it, Merial.

The vaccine  is indicated for the treatment of dogs with stage II or stage III oral melanoma for which local disease control has been achieved.

It has been in the making for some time. Merial has been involved with the research for four to five years, said Bob Nordgren, Ph.D., vice president of biologics research, development and technology acquisition for Merial.

The initial research, however, began even further back.

Ongoing research into human treatments that was being conducted by Jedd Wolchok, MD, Ph.D., at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City led to collaboration with Philip Bergman, DVM, Ph.D., Dipl. ACVIM (Oncology) at the Animal Medical Center in New York.

The collaboration resulted in the canine melanoma vaccine. Dr. Bergman approached Merial to support the research, which helped further develop and refine the vaccine.

The vaccine alerts the immune system to the presence of the melanoma tumor protein tyrosinase. The vaccine uses a gene for human tyrosinase inserted into a DNA plasmid. The human tyrosinase produced is different enough from canine tyrosinase that it stimulates an immune response, yet similar enough to the canine tyrosinase that the immune response is directed against melanoma cells.

“For Merial and for the field of science, this is groundbreaking,” said Dr. Nordgren.

He said that this is the first plasma DNA-based vaccine that will be sold on the market; the first therapeutic vaccine for cancer and the first transdermally administered vaccine in dogs.

He said they also had to go through the relationship building with the USDA to understand how to register a therapeutic vaccine.

“So there were a lot of firsts that the project team had to manage in this process,” Nordgren said. “For Merial, it’s been very satisfying that we’ve been able to do that as well as open the opportunity for us to advance with other targets.”

Currently, the vaccine has only been tested and conditionally approved for use as a therapeutic vaccine. The problem with developing a preventive vaccine is that the population of dogs that might develop cancer of this specific type is small.

What Merial plans to do is continue to show the canine melanoma vaccine’s “exquisite safety record,” Nordgren said.

In addition, Merial is working to determine how to select a population at risk before considering a prevention program.

The experimental data from other species indicates that a prevention application is possible, Nordgren said.

Because additional efficacy and safety research will be conducted during the conditional license period, Merial is making the vaccine available only to specialists practicing veterinary oncology, said Robert Menardi, DVM, technical marketing manager for Merial.

And because the current licensing is conditional, he said, the vaccine has yet to be formally named.

He said that the company intends for the vaccine to be available to a broader practice after the conditional license period.

“Canine melanoma is one of the most frustrating and aggressive diseases to treat,” Dr. Menardi said, and the vaccine will provide an additional treatment option.

Clinical studies of therapeutic vaccines for oral melanoma conducted by Dr. Bergman have included dogs with oral melanoma that ranged from stage II to stage IV.

The enrolled dogs had an estimated life expectancy of one to five months, even after establishing local tumor control with surgery and/or radiation therapy.

Dogs that received this vaccine showed increased survival time, according to the studies. At the conclusion of one published study of dogs with advanced disease, patients achieved a median survival time of 389 days.

“The development of this vaccine may offer oncologists a new option for treating canine melanoma patients,” said Tim Leard, DVM, Ph.D., director of biologics research and development at Merial.

“Beyond surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, oncologists can also consider therapeutic vaccination, which has performed well in extending the lives of dogs with oral melanoma in initial trials.”

Nordgren said melanoma was a good first choice for a vaccine because researchers  knew action could be taken against it. Other cancers, going on a tumor-specific approach, are more challenging, he said.

“We used this as a pathfinder project to make sure we understood what the limitations were and what we might have to do to improve the response,” Nordgren said. “The second approach that we are looking at is doing what we can to boost the host’s response against multiple tumors.”

The canine melanoma vaccine is designed to be administered in an initial vaccination series of one 0.4 mL dose every two weeks for a total of four doses. Following the initial series, one booster dose is administered every six months.

Merial has also introduced its canine transdermal device, a spring-powered device used to inject the vaccine intramuscularly without a needle. It was developed in conjunction with Bioject, a developer and manufacturer of needle-free drug delivery systems based in Tualatin, Ore.

The vaccine will be available by mid-May.

Lucy's Nasal Cancer Status Update

Still fine. No problems. 

2 more months and she will have been in nasal cancer remission for 2 years!

Mast cell tumors in dogs round cell

Round and Mast cell tumors in dogs


Mast cells are cells that occur in the skin and other tissues, like the intestines and respiratory tract. They are also an integral part of the immune system. They consist of large amounts of histamine, heparin, and proteolytic enzymes (enzymes which break down protein). These have a toxic effect on foreign invaders, like parasites, and are released when the mast cell is triggered by the immune system. A mast cell tumor results from these mast cells. When mast cells are damaged, they pose health hazards. Large amounts of histamine, heparin, and enzymes are released into the body that usually have adverse effects on heart rate, blood pressure, and other body functions. Sites where the tumors are removed can sometimes refuse to heal and can become unmanageable. Normal mast cells are found in plenty in the lung and gastrointestinal tract. But tumors generally don’t originate in these sites. They rather develop in the dermis and sub-cutaneous tissues. They are most frequently found on trunks. The limbs account for generally ¼ the of the sites of these lesions. Mast cell tumors have been reported to develop infrequently in other sites like head, neck, conjunctiva, salivary gland, nasopharynx, larynx, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, ureter and spine.

Canine Mast Cell Tumors  Mast cell tumors (MCT) are cancerous proliferations of mast cells. Although they can and will spread throughout the body, the danger from mast cell tumors arises from the secondary damage caused by the release of chemicals that they produce. These chemicals can cause systemic problems that include gastric ulcers, internal bleeding, and a range of allergic manifestations. Clearly, mast cell tumors affect both lifespan and quality of life. Sometimes mast cell tumors are referred to as "the great imposters," as there is no way to definitively identify them without a biopsy and pathology report. Mast cell tumors vary widely in their size, shape, appearance, texture, and location. It can be difficult not only to recognize mast cell tumors but to predict their course. They may be relatively innocent or aggressively malignant. As mast cell tumors are very common in dogs, it is important for the regular pet owner to have at least a basic understanding of what they are and how they work. Mast cells are specialized cells that normally are found distributed throughout the body and help an animal respond to inflammation and allergies. Mast cells can release several biologically active chemicals when stimulated, among them histamine, heparin, seratonin, prostaglandins and proteolytic enzymes. Although these chemicals are vital to normal bodily function, especially immune response, they can be very damaging to the body when released in chronic excess. Other names: Histiocytic mastocytoma, mast cell sarcoma, mastocystosis (when there is systemic involvement). Frequency/Location: Mast cell tumors are among the most common tumors in dogs and are the most common type of skin cancer found in dogs. Approximately 1/3 of all tumors in dogs are skin tumors, and up to 20% of those are mast cell tumors. The most common location to find mast cell tumors is, by far, the skin, followed by the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Approximately half of all cutaneous (skin) MCT�s are found on the body proper, another 40% on the extremities (most frequently the hind limbs), and the remainder on the head or neck. Approximately 11% occur in more than one location. Causes/Predispositions: No one fully understands what causes cancer. Mast cell tumors are very common in dogs, yet they occur far less frequently in cats and very rarely in human beings. They occur in dogs of all breeds, ages, and genders and can occur anywhere on the body. There appears to be a genetic component, as certain breeds are predisposed to developing MCT. Among the most common victims are beagles, Boston terriers, boxers, bulldogs, bullmastiffs, bull terriers, dachshunds, English setters, fox terriers, golden retrievers, Labrador retrievers, schnauzers, American staffordshire terriers, and weimaraners. Boxers are at the highest risk, yet mast cell tumors are often not as aggressive in this breed. There is some suggestion that mast cell tumor development may be associated with golden/red coat color and with chronic immune over-stimulation that occurs in dogs with allergies or other inflammatory conditions. There may be environmental factors, viruses, or other undetermined contributors. Mast cell tumors, as with all cancers, tend to be associated with age. Older dogs are more likely to develop cancerous growths, with the average age of a dog with MCT being 8-9 years. Local symptoms: The most obvious sign of mast cell cancer is likely to be a tumor of some sort. Mast cell tumors can appear singly, in groups, lie on the surface of the skin or underneath it, crop up anywhere on the body, and defy easy description. You just don�t know it�s a MCT by looking at it. Most (at least half of) mast cell tumors are found in or under the skin on the trunk of the body itself, and the vast majority of the remainder are found on the extremities, especially the hind limbs. They are less commonly found on the head and neck, and less commonly still arise from tissues other than the skin. If they are very swollen or ulcerated, there may be pain, but most MCT�s are unlikely to be painful. It has been observed that higher-grade tumors may be more likely to be ulcerated in appearance and cause local irritation. One characteristic quirk of mast cell tumors is the tendency for them to change in size, even on a daily basis. A tumor that gets bigger and smaller, seemingly on a whim, may be a MCT. Another idiosyncrasy is the potential of the tumor to produce "Darier�s sign" if poked and prodded. Handling these tumors - even a routine veterinary palpation or needle aspirate - can cause a heavy release of histamine that results in swelling, redness, itchiness, hives (wheal formation). Systemic symptoms: Symptoms are variable, depending on the location of the tumor and the degree to which is has developed and/or spread. Signs of systemic involvement may include: loss of appetite, vomiting, bloody vomit, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dark or black feces, itchiness, lethargy, anorexia, irregular heart rhythm and blood pressure, coughing, labored breathing, various bleeding disorders, delayed wound healing, enlarged lymph nodes.

Manipulation of the tumor may result in the release of histamines from the tumor due to the mast cells releasing from the tumor into the blood stream. Antihistamines may be prescribed to alleviate some of the symptoms related to this effect. This same behavior can come into play as a result of surgical intervention; antihistamines will be used under the circumstances, as a large release of histamines on the body can have a drastic effect on the organs.

Aggressive surgical removal of the mast cell tumor and surrounding tissue is generally the treatment of choice. A microscopic evaluation of the surgically removed tissue is essential for determining the success of the surgical removal and for predicting the biological behavior of the tumor; if tumor cells extend too close to the surgical margins, your veterinarian will need to perform a more aggressive surgery as soon as possible. In case of lymph-node involvement with no generalized involvement in other parts of the body, aggressive surgical removal of the affected lymph node(s) and the primary tumor will be required; follow-up chemotherapy is useful for the prevention of further metastasis of tumor cells.

Mast cells are cells that reside in the connective tissues, especially those vessels and nerves that are closest to the external surfaces (e.g., skin, lungs, nose, mouth). Their primary functions include defense against parasitic infestations, tissue repair, and the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis). They are also associated with allergic reactions, since they contain several types of dark granules made up of various chemicals, including histamine and heparin, serving biologically to modify immune reactions and inflammation. Mast cells are derived from the bone marrow, and can be found in various tissues throughout the body.

Mast cell tumors (or mastocytomas) are graded according to their location in the skin, presence of inflammation, and how well they are differentiated. Grade 1 cells are well differentiated with a low potential for metastasis; Grade 2 cells are intermediately differentiated with a potential for locally invasive metastasis; and Grade 3 cells are poorly differentiated or undifferentiated with a high potential for metastasis. Differentiation is a determination of how much a particular tumor cell looks like a normal cell; the more differentiated, the more like the normal cell. In general, the more differentiated the mast cell tumor is, the better the prognosisis.

Boxers, bulldogs, pugs, and Boston terriers appear to be more susceptible to mast cell tumors than other breeds. Also at higher than average risk are the Shar pei, Labrador Retriever, Golden Retriever, Schnauzer, and Cocker Spaniel. The mean age for the development of this condition is eight years in dogs, though it has been reported in animals less than one year of age.

Symptoms and Types
 

• Tumor on the skin or under the skin (subcutaneous), may have been present for days to months

• Tumor may appear to fluctuate in size

• Recent rapid growth after months of inactive or subtle growth is common

• Recent onset of redness and fluid build-up is most common with high-grade skin and subcutaneous tumors

• Extremely variable; may mimic or resemble other types of skin or subcutaneous tumors (benign and cancer); may resemble an insect bite, wart, or allergic reaction

• Primarily occurs as a single skin mass or subcutaneous mass, but may have multiple masses located throughout the body

• Approximately 50 percent of all mast cell tumors are located on the trunk and perineum (the area between the anus and vulva in females, or the anus and scrotum in males); 40 percent are found on the extremities, such as the paw; and 10 percent are found on the head and neck region

• Lymph nodes may be enlarged around the area of the tumor and may develop when a high-grade tumor spreads to the lymph nodes

• Masses may be itchy or inflamed due to the higher level of histamines in the tumor

• Enlarged liver and enlarged spleen are characteristic of wide-spread mast cell cancer

• Vomiting, loss of appetite, and/or diarrhea may occur, depending on the stage of the disease

• Stage 1 is characterized by a single tumor without metastasis

• Stage 2 is characterized by a single tumor with metastasis into the surrounding lymph nodes

• Stage 3 is characterized by multiple skin tumors, or by a large tumor that has invaded subcutaneously

• Stage 4 is characterized by the presence of a tumor, with metastasis to an organ or wide spread mast cell presence in the blood

You will need to give a thorough history of your dog's health, including a background history of symptoms. The history you provide may give your veterinarian clues as to which organs are being affected.

The most important preliminary diagnostic test will be an examination of the cells taken from one of the tumors. This will be performed with a fine needle aspirate and will determine the presence of an abnormal amount of mast cells in the blood. A surgical tissue biopsy will be necessary for definitive identification of both the grade of the cells occupying the mass, and the stage the disease is in. Additionally, your veterinarian may examine a sample from a draining lymph node, from the bone marrow, or from the kidney and spleen. X-ray and ultrasound images of the chest and abdomen will also be component of determining the exact location and stage of the tumor's development.

Basic Blood Work
A basic blood panel is part of this evaluation process and should be obtained at this point if it has not already been obtained. This testing will help show any factors that limit kidney or liver function and thus determine what drugs of chemotherapy can or cannot be used. It also will show if there are circulating mast cells in the blood (a very bad sign) or if anemia (low red blood cell count) is present which might be related to the tumor.

The mast cell tumor releases histamine-containing granules that

lead to inflammation and increased stomach acid secretion.

These unpleasant symptoms may be alleviated with the use of H1 blockers (antihistamines such as Benadryl^® and others) as well as

H2 blockers (antihistamines such as Pepcid AC^® or Tagamet, and others).

These OTC store medications help palliate the inflammatory effects

of the spreading malignant mast cell tumor.  But you also need to address the cancer.

Read below:

http://dognasalcancertreatmentforlucy.blogspot.com/2012/02/budget-chemotherapy-for-mast-cell.html

K9 Immunity Plus C-Caps Apocaps Canine CAS Options for Dogs

THE BELOW PRODUCTS ARE ACTUALLY MADE FOR DOGS WITH CANCER. I APPROVE OF THEIR INGREDIENTS. I AM SURE THEY ARE HELPFUL. BUT THESE AMOUNTS ARE SOMEWHAT SMALL AND ARE NOT MY FULL PROTOCOL THAT LUCY GETS. IF YOU  ARE JUST STARTING OUT AND WARY OF TRYING TO GIVE YOUR DOG WITH CANCER ALOT OF THE PILLS I GIVE LUCY, START WITH THESE 4 MADE FOR DOG SUPPLEMENTS AND A DIET CHANGE. AT LEAST GET STARTED.

How does K9 Immunity Plus™ help my dog?

K9 Immunity Plus™ strengthens and balances your dog’s immune system so the body recognizes and destroys damaged cells. This improves their body’s ability to overcome illness and helps protect them against future illness.
Your dog’s immune system helps fight cancer in two ways:

1. Keeps existing cells healthy as they replicate
2. Rids damaged cells (like cancer cells) before they can multiply

Once your dog’s immune system strengthens, it may also help them:

• Increase response to cancer treatment
• Speed up recovery
• Reduce side-effects from other cancer therapies
• Prevent a serious future illness/relapse
• Improve quality of life
• Extend their time with you

Proprietary immune-strengthening technology

The largest class of anti-cancer drugs used in the world today is a class called heteropolysaccharide immunomodulators (pronounced: hey-tero-poly-sak-kar-ide im-mu-no-mod-u-late-ers).
K9 Immunity Plus™ products are made from the most technologically advanced immunomodulator in the world. It’s called Immune Assist Micron™. No other canine cancer treatment contains it.
How this benefits your canine companion:

• 100% bioavailable (absorption rate) for better results – brewers yeast beta glucans average 5-10% bioavailability.
• Activates ALL 260 different classes of immune cells – including natural killer cells, T-cells, and macrophages. Simple beta glucans only activate a few.
• Does not create any additional stress on the body while activating healing mechanisms.
• Supports regulatory functions and critical body systems including the nervous, hormonal, and immune systems.

Patented formula provides noticeable results
In addition to our proprietary Immune Assist Micron™ technology, K9 Immunity Plus™ also contains:

• All three of the most widely used anti-cancer compounds worldwide (for humans and dogs): PSK, PSP and Lentinan.
• Nearly 200 additional immune-strengthening compounds called heteropolysaccharides (he-tero-poli-sac-car-ides).
• Transfer factors with immuno-proteins
• Omega 3 essential fatty acids

The scientists who make K9Medicinals recommend, and feed their own dogs, a commercial dog food called “Taste of the Wild.” (I use this and Earthborne Primative as well)  It is all meat, no fillers and made in the U.S. Most of the studies show that a high protein, low carbohydrate diet is best as the “carbs” feed the tumors. That is also what I feed Lucy. I have talked to the developer and President of the company who makes it. My dogs love it and are doing great on it. I have found the cheapest prices to be at our local “feed” store rather than the boutique style pet stores. I don’t believe any of the big chain pet stores carry it.
I hope this helps. Please let me know if you have trouble finding it or I can give additional information.




K-9 Immunity Plus ™ Information for the Veterinarian

DESCRIPTION
K9 Immunity Plus™ is an orally administered Veterinary Medical Food intended for daily use in adult dogs to optimize immune system response and function while undergoing conventional therapy for cancer and other health challenges. It consists of a heterogeneous mixture of multiple immune activating hetero-polysaccharides, a complex blend of immunoproteins and a blend of omega 3 fatty acids derived from
cold water fish oils, in a liver flavored soft chew treat-like wafer. Each wafer of K9 Immunity Plus™ contains 600 mg of a complex blend of immune activating polysaccharides, including soluble 1,3-1,6 Beta Glucans and high molecular weight (HMW) hetero-polysaccharides. The primary types of immune activating polysaccharides in K9 Immunity Plus™ are different structures of long chain, high molecular weight, righthanded triple helix structure hetero-polysaccharides, primarily with 1-3 beta-linked glucan main chain formation. The main chain compositions are primarily composed of d-glucose subunits, with greater and lesser degrees of alpha- and beta- linked side chain branching. The side branches contain a number of different five and six carbon sugars such as arabinose, xylose, fucose, fructose, mannose and glucose, with and without attached polypeptides and proteins. These hetero-polysaccharides and polysaccharide-protein complexes are hot water soluble and ethanol insoluble. Each wafer of K9 Immunity Plus™ also contains 160 mg of an immunoprotein blend containing Transfer Factors class proteins, Alpha- and Beta- immune proteins, Proline Rich Polypeptides (PRP), and immunoglobulin antibodies of the IgA, IgG, IgM and IgY classes, which function is to bind with and increase the absorption and bioavailability of the immune activating polysaccharides.


Each wafer of
K9 Immunity Plus™ also contains 600 mg of an Omega-3 fatty acid blend. The Omega-3 fatty acid portion consists of concentrated and purified cold water fish oil extracted from the body fat of Anchovies with an optimized 12:18 ratio of the long chain Omega 3 fatty acids EPA
and DHA.
Typical 1,3-1,6 Beta Glucan Structure with a Triple Right Hand Helix Tertiary
Conformation
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
K9 Immunity Plus™ is a comprehensive immune enhancement and optimization formulation with considerable pharmacological potential.
The main action exhibited by the immune-active heteropolysaccharides and protein-bound polysaccharides is for activation and enhancement of various aspects of innate and specific immune responses. The number and activity of T lymphocytes (Tcells), B lymphocytes (B-cells), natural killer cells (NK cells), macrophages and antigen presenting cells (APC) are enhanced. This immune system activation is accomplished
by binding of the beta glucans, the HMW hetero-polysaccharides and the glycoproteins to specific receptor on the surface of the immune cells, including Complement Receptor type 3 (CR3), Dectin-1, LacCer, TLR and Scavenger Receptors. The immune-activating polysaccharides bind to the immune receptors as part of a cascade effect, only after priming of the immune cell by exposure to and attachment of a non-self protein
antigen molecule, at which point the polysaccharides bind and perform as cellular triggers, activating that immune cell to ‘turn on’ or go active.
Upon activation of any immune cell, the body’s immuno-conservative mechanism then triggers a further production cascade of new generations of cells of the same class as the immune cells thus triggered, resulting in a greater immune responsiveness than would otherwise
be accomplished without this exogenous triggering mechanism. The enhanced immune responsiveness may also be (at least partly) explained by a generalized microbial antigen response triggered in the small intestines, where the complex fungal cell-wall derived polysaccharides are interpreted by the body as a massive invasion by foreign organisms, thus triggering a heightened state of immune awareness throughout the
body, which immune surveillance is then available for addressing other immune challenges which may exist throughout the system.
INDICATIONS AND USAGE
K9 Immunity Plus™ is used primarily as an adjunct to conventional chemo- and radiation therapy in canine patients undergoing treatment for cancer. It is indicated as a daily supplement for use in adult dogs to help offset the side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and for the avoidance of neutropenia and resultant opportunistic infections associated with conventional cancer treatments. K9 Immunity Plus™ can
be used on a daily basis for long periods of time in otherwise healthy adult canine cancer patients, and can result in an overall lower incidence of treatment side effects and enhancement of the QOL parameters, through its immune modulating effect. K9 Immunity Plus™ is also indicated as an adjuvant in antibiotic therapy and most other treatment regimens, as it is believed that the heightened immune awareness
results is a faster and more pronounced response to virtually all other classes of medications.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
K9 Immunity Plus™ has no known contraindications in canines. K9 Immunity Plus™ has not been shown to increase autoimmune disease.
PRECAUTIONS
There are no known precautions inherent to K9 Immunity Plus™ besides those used in the normal standards of good veterinary clinical
practice.
USE IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
Safety and efficacy of K9 Immunity Plus™ has not been evaluated in pregnancy or lactation or in puppies under 1 yr. of age. Caution and careful observation should be used in these cases.
FOOD AND DRUG INTERACTIONS
There are no known food or drug interactions with K9 Immunity Plus™.
WARNINGS
K9 Immunity Plus™ is intended for use in dogs only. The safety and efficacy have not been studied in other species of animals. K9 Immunity Plus™ is primarily used as a daily adjunct to conventional therapy in seriously ill canine patients; care givers should be counseled that immune modulation therapy alone may not be the best choice for treating their dog’s condition. Likewise, the attending veterinarian should
realize that K9 Immunity Plus™ is intended to augment and enhance other therapeutic strategies. K9 Immunity Plus™ is not intended as a stand alone therapy, except in those cases where no other appropriate treatment options are available.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
There have been no adverse reactions noted with K9 Immunity Plus™. An allergic reaction is always possible with this and all other biologically active agents. If an allergic reaction is suspected, stop the use of K9 Immunity Plus™ immediately and contact the manufacturer at (775) 886-6300. The usual supportive measure should be employed as with any other allergic reaction.
OVERDOSAGE
The acute and chronic safety of K9 Immunity Plus™ has been tested at dosages up to 1000 times the daily recommended dosage and no incidence of toxicity has been noted. There have been no known incidences of overdosage. K9 Immunity Plus™ is well tolerated in canines.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
K9 Immunity Plus™ is administered once daily based upon body weight per the following schedule. K9 Immunity Plus™ May be given with or without food with equal effectiveness.

DOSAGE FOR DOGS CURRENTLY UNDERGOING CONVENTIONAL THERAPY FOR CANCER, AND FOR DOGS IN AN ACTIVE DISEASE STATE:
For dogs with a body weight of less than 30 pounds (13.6 kgs): 2 wafer per day.
Dogs with a body weight between 31 and 70 pounds (13.6 – 31.8 kgs): 4 wafers per day
Dogs with a body weight over 70 pounds (31.8 kgs): 6 wafers per day
DOSAGE FOR DOGS IN REMISSION AFTER CANCER TREATMENT AND WHEN USED AS ADJUVANTS FOR ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
For dogs with a body weight of less than 30 pounds (13.6 kgs): 1 wafer per day.
Dogs with a body weight between 31 and 70 pounds (13.6 – 31.8 kgs): 2 wafers per day
Dogs with a body weight over 70 pounds (31.8 kgs): 3 wafers per day
DOSAGE FOR HEALTHY DOGS
As a daily supplement to maintain optimal immune function and good health, a single wafer per day may be used in any size dog.
HOW SUPPLIED
K9 Immunity Plus™ comes in Mylar resealable bags based upon the body weight containing 30, 60 and 90 soft chew wafers, which are brown in color, and which weigh 4500 mg each total weight.
STORAGE
Store at room temperature out of direct sunlight. Normal shelf life is 2 years from date of manufacture.
INGREDIENTS PER 4500 mg WAFER - ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
Omega 3 Concentrate from cold water Anchovy Fish Oil - 600 mg – yielding EPA 66 mg and DHA 44 mg
K9 Immunity™ Immune-active Polysaccharide Blend concentrate - 600 mg
APS 40 Colostrum-derived Immunoprotein concentrate - 160 mg
INACTIVE INGREDIENTS FOR WAFERING: Brewers yeast, Chicken Liver, Glycerin , Soy lecithin, Maltodextrin, Sodium alginate, and Calcium sulfate, Canola Oil, Propionic Acid and Natural Mixed Tocopherols
MANUFACTURED BY:
Aloha Medicinals Inc.
K9 Immunity Plus™ is 100% Made in America using only American Ingredients. K9 Immunity Plus™ Contains no imported ingredients.
AS WITH ALL DRUGS AND SUPPLEMENTS, KEEP OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN


BUY ON AMAZON
http://www.amazon.com/Immunity-30-70-Liver-Flavored-Wafers/dp/B004YL89MC/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1360626037&sr=8-2&keywords=k9+immunity+plus




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C-Caps^™

Natural antioxidant and immune system remedy for dogs and cats to boost immunity and flush toxins for complete cellular health

• Promotes complete cellular health
• Strengthens immune system function
• Accelerates healing and relieves fatigue
• Promotes a healthy appetite
• Maintains health in all organs, tissue and cells
• Strengthens the lymphatic system to reduce toxin build-up and promote waste elimination
• Improves liver functioning for better health

What are the Ingredients?

C-Caps is a 100% herbal formula and contains the following ingredients in therapeutic dosage: Ashwagandha, Cat's claw, Astragalus, Milk thistle, Mistletoe, Echinacea, Rice powder.

• Huang qi (Astragalus membranaceous) is well known in traditional Chinese medicine. More recent research has highlighted the ability of this remedy to support the functioning of the immune system. Astragalus also helps to support vitality and a healthy appetite and maintain regular water metabolism. Currently, much of the pharmacological research on Astragalus is focused on its immuno-supportive polysaccharides and other active ingredients useful in supporting a healthy immune system. (Wang DC. “Influence of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) polysaccharide FB on immunologic function of human periphery blood lymphocyte”. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1989;11:180-183).

• Mistletoe (Viscum album) is used to support normal blood pressure and maintain a healthy immune system. Viscum album has been widely tested in both human and animal studies with many positive findings. In a recent study, it was determined that cellular components of the body's natural immune system (such as monocytes and granulocytes) bound Viscum album agglutinin-I molecules to a higher degree than lymphocytes, suggesting that this herb can support natural immune responses. (Hajto T, Hostanska K, Fischer J, Saller R. “Immunomodulatory effects of Viscum album agglutinin-I on natural immunity”.
  Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland. PMID: 9179367).
• Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) is well known for its excellent benefits for immune functioning. Echinacea is also effective as a tonic for the lymphatic system. Regular use can help to keep your pet healthy. Over 500 scientific studies have been documented on this herb. Specific studies have investigated the immune-supportive action of Echinacea (Barrett BP, Brown RL, Locken K, et al. “Treatment of the common cold with unrefined Echinacea: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial”. Ann Intern Med 2002; Dec 17, 137(12):939-946).
• Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is one of the most important Ayurvedic tonic herbs, supporting growth, health and vigor. Regular use can help to nourish the blood and support healthy hemoglobin levels. This herb is often recommended as a strengthening and restorative tonic and has been shown to have a tonic effect on the immune system. (Davis L, Kuttan G. “Immunomodulatory activity of Withania somnifera”. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 71:193-200.)
• Milk thistle (Sylibum marianus) contains a flavonoid complex called silymarin, which is largely responsible for the therapeutic benefits of this herb. Silymarin is a powerful antioxidant and its positive effect on maintaining healthy liver functioning would have a direct impact on the overall systemic health of your pet as the liver is one of the most important organs in the body. (Pares A, Planas R, Torres M, et al. “Effects of silymarin in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis of the liver: results of a controlled, double-blind, randomized and multicenter trial.” J Hepatol 1998; 28(4):615-621.)(Benda L, Dittrich H, Ferenzi P, et al.”The influence of therapy with silymarin on the survival rate of patients with liver cirrhosis (author's transl)”. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1980; 92(19):678-683.) Milk Thistle is also regarded as a potent antioxidant.
• Cat's claw (Uncaria tormentosa) has been used by the natives of Peru for hundreds of years. Cat's Claw boasts many therapeutic benefits, among them its supportive role in maintaining immune system strength. It has been studied for its ability to support healthy cells. (Rizzi, R., Re, F., Bianchi, A., De, Feo, V, De Simone, F., Bianchi, L., and Stivala, L. A. “Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of Uncaria tomentosa and its extracts.” J.Ethnopharmacol. 1993;38(1):63-77)

How do I use C-Caps?

DIRECTIONS
C-Caps capsules may be given whole or opened with the contents mixed with food or a treat, depending on your pet's size and preferences.
DOSAGE
Cats: 1/2 capsule twice daily
Dogs under 20 lbs: 1/2 capsule twice daily
Dogs 20-50 lbs: 1 capsule twice daily
Dogs over 50 lbs: 1-2 capsules twice daily
CAUTION
Safety during pregnancy and nursing has not yet been established.

Get optimum results with regular use

While conventional medicine works by often treating just the symptoms, natural medicine strives to create holistic balance in the body to support systemic health, relieve ailments, and help prevent future disease. Unlike pharmaceutical drugs, the natural ingredients in our remedies support overall health and functioning instead of just suppressing symptoms.
Pets respond to natural medicine in different ways. Some of our satisfied customers have reported observing immediate results in their pets, while many others have reported observing optimal benefits taking effect within 3-6 weeks. To ensure that your pet receives optimum results, it is important to administer natural remedies as directed and remain consistent. You may also find that giving your pet a smaller maintenance dose is beneficial for ongoing support. Many customers report using a regular maintenance dose as part of a preventative program for the continued health and well-being of their beloved animals.

How long until I see results?

Degree and speed of response differs from animal to animal, depending on many factors. With regular use, results should be noted within 3-6 weeks, although many pets respond even sooner.

How long will a bottle last?

One bottle of C-Caps contains 60 capsules and will last for 15 - 60 days, depending on the size of your pet.

Reviews & Ratings

Janette

from Brinnon, WA

Age:35-44

Gender:female

Has Children:No

Has Pets:Yes - Dogs & Cats

Knowledge Level:Learning

I have been giving my 6 yr old dog this product for just a little over a year now. It has made a remarkable difference. He is more like a 2 yr old. Gets up and plays more and has more energy. Any affliction he had before we started it has not come back. We are very thankful for this product!!

My 14 year old Border mix has Adrenal issues. I have had her on C-Caps for about a year now & have seen amazing results. She has so much more energy & love for life. You've given me my dog back-thank you, PetAlive!!

I have been administering C-caps to my 7 year old St. Bernard (Stevie) and couldn't be happier. He has been acting more energetic, and has been eating more. C-Caps has given Stevie a new lease on life!

I have only been administering these products for a short time and already find a difference in my dachshund. His coat is glossy, wants to play now, has more of an appetite and appears to be more relaxed when people come to the door. So far, it has not made a difference to his problem areas around his legs, chest but his issues have been on going for a long time so hopefully will see improvement soon. I have high hopes and am being very vigilant as to making sure he has his pills twice a day. So with the three products being administered hopefully we will have success with his serious issues.

How has C-Caps helped others?

C-Caps has been used to boost immunity and flush toxins. Here is what some pet owners have to say:
“Three months ago my best friend, my 12 yr old Border Collie, was diagnosed…With her health declining I was desperate to do something for her & that's when I discovered your site & your C-Caps. She has been taking them ever since. I can't believe what they have done for her. She acts like a puppy again, doing things that she hasn't done in a long time! I am so grateful for more time with my best friend! More time with her feeling good again! C-Caps have given her a longer and better quality of life. The difference from 3 months ago is like a miracle has happened. Thank you.”
— Debi, CA, USA

“The vet gave my Maine Coon cat, Adeline, a mere two weeks to live when he discovered a lump in her bladder. He suggested putting her to sleep, which I could never do. I gave her C-Caps and two months down the road she has recovered the weight she lost and my vet says that it is a miracle. I know that it says on the package that a cure cannot be guaranteed, but my Adeline is living proof that it can!”
—David B., UK

“My Golden Retriever, Ruby, was diagnosed in October of 2008…We were told that she did not have long. She was not eating and … she had a fever. I was searching for anything I could do to help her. I found PETALIVE and saw the C-Caps. I read the reviews- so anyone that reads these reviews they ARE real! I started her on them right away, and exactly 3 weeks later, her fever broke, and she began to eat and drink water. Slowly those little things you miss about your pet started happening again. She was right there when I was cooking hoping for a treat, and wanted to snuggle again with me. Words can never express the joy that my family and I feel. It has been a year, and soon she will be 12 years old. We are so grateful and amazed with her progress that we have even started using Native Remedies for our health problems!”
— Karene, CT, USA

“Just a follow up on a testimonial that I posted 2 years ago! …The vet gave her 4–6 months to live, and on Monday, June 16th 2008, she will celebrate her 2 year post– surgery birthday! I started her on C-Caps in July of 2006, I credit them with giving her a longer life… she isn't just surviving, she is thriving! THANKS!!!”
— Erin C., CA, USA

“My dogs have been on C-Caps just over 2 weeks and it is shocking really…. Both dogs were looking like they were having difficulty walking and were in pain. Energy level- very low. Audrey too thin, Stella too fat. Audrey struggled to poop, Stella frequent diarrhea. Now both dogs have lots of energy. They have pep in their step and Stella trots all the time - it is so cute. They want to go for walks, play ball, play with their stuffed animals. They are very affectionate again. And bathroom issues are resolving - Stella has lost weight and Audrey has gained. It is seriously like a miracle! Stella is 12 and Audrey Rose is 10. Now they seem years younger. These C-Caps are the best money I've spent in a long time. My whole life is happier because my girls are doing so well.”
— Tammy C., USA

“Our minature schnauzer Ceasar was diagnosed… on November 8, 2009 and following surgery was given 1 to 4 weeks… Started him on C-Caps and he has had a dramatic improvement, return of appetite and generally good health. His vet is amazed and we are happy to still have him with us. We recommend C-Caps!”

— Eric H., GA, USA



PetAlive C-Caps - Promote Complete Cellular Health - you can buy on amazon

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GENESIS RESOURCES Canine CAS Options

A Potent immune enhancer

Assist the immune system, reduce inflammation and can stimulate cell activity

Includes strong antioxidant

Product Description

 CAS Options provides a nutritionally concentrated synergistic blend of Reishi, Maitake and Shiitake mushrooms, which are well researched and have been shown in numerous studies to be potent immune enhancers. The proteoglycans and polysaccharides from mushrooms have been shown to nutritionally assist the immune system, reduce inflammation and can stimulate natural killer (NK) and T-helper cell activity. Additionally, this formula includes strong antioxidants found in Coenzyme Q-10, Green Tea and Selenium.

Active Ingredients

Reishi Mushroom 578 mg

Shiitake Mushroom 446 mg

Maitake Mushroom 95 mg
Green Tea Powder 105 mg

Vitamin C 105 mg

N-acetylcysteine 79 mg

Coenzyme Q-10 1 mg

Selenium 26 mcg

Vitamin A 1050 I.U

Vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol) 53 I.U

Suggested Use: Up to 25lbs...1/2 tablet twice daily, 25 to 50lbs...1 tablet twice daily, 50 to 100lbs...2 tablets twice daily, Over 100lbs...3 tablets twice daily Given orally between meals or crumbled and mixed with moist food. When a dog's immune system is being severely challenged, additional support can be given by doubling the suggested amount for 3-6 months. Responses to natural dietary supplements may vary by animal.

GENESIS RESOURCES Canine CAS Options (120 Tablets) BUY ON AMAZON

==============================================================

Apocaps CX Apoptogen Formula for Dogs

• Powerful nutraceutical supplement supports the critical biological process of apoptosis in dogs.
• High potency, 100% human-grade, all-natural active ingredients blended for enhanced bioavailability.
• Designed by a renowned veterinarian for use in his canine patients at his veterinary hospital.
• Small, easy-to-dose capsules which don't need to be split. 90 capsules per bottle.
• Efficient, economical way to support apoptosis from Apocaps -- the only genuine apoptosis pill.

Apocaps is a giant leap in dog health innovation. Using pure, 100% human-grade, all-natural active ingredients, the patent-pending Apocaps CX formulation helps dogs by unlocking a natural biological process in the body called apoptosis.

Apoptosis is nature's key to health. This completely normal function is literally built into the DNA, just waiting to be amplified to proper levels. Apoptosis works by dismantling accumulated cells that should be eliminated for normal health. Scientists commonly refer to apoptosis as "cell suicide." Apoptosis is a normal, fundamental and desirable process. Unfortunately, apoptosis levels can be reduced by many factors.

When apoptosis genes stop working and let cells live beyond their normal lifespan, the body can use a boost. Several plants have naturally occurring molecules which actually support apoptosis when they are introduced into the living body. These plants are the subject of cutting-edge research in several laboratories around the world. Many of these plants are difficult to extract and not readily available to the public, until the introduction of Apocaps.

Ingredients
Active Ingredients per capsule: Proprietary Blend [Vitamin C (as ascorbyl palmitate), lecithin powder, rutin (from Dimorphandra molis extract), luteolin (from peanut hull extract), apigenin (from grapefruit extract), l-glutamine, taurine, zinc (as zinc oxide), gingerols (from Zingiber officinale root extract), silymarin (from Silybum marianum seed extract), beta glucans (from Agrobacterium biovar1 extract), curcuminoids (from Curcuma longa root extract), magnesium (as magnesium oxide)], 392.85mg

Molecules. 2008 Oct 22;13(10):2628-51. Anti-carcinogenic effects of the flavonoid luteolin.

Seelinger G, Merfort I, Wölfle U, Schempp CM.

Source

Medical and Pharmaceutical Services, Berlin, Germany.

Abstract

Luteolin is a flavonoid which is part of our daily nutrition in relatively low amounts (less than 1 mg/day). Nevertheless, some epidemiological studies suggest an inverse correlation between luteolin intake and the risk of some cancer types. Luteolin displays specific anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects, which can only partly be explained by its anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging capacities. Luteolin can delay or block the development of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by protection from carcinogenic stimuli, by inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, by induction of cell cycle arrest and by induction of apoptosis via intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways. When compared to other flavonoids, luteolin was usually among the most effective ones, inhibiting tumor cell proliferation with IC(50) values between 3 and 50 microM in vitro and in vivo by 5 to 10 mg/kg i.p., intragastric application of 0.1-0.3 mg/kg/d, or as food additive in concentrations of 50 to 200 ppm. Luteolin has been shown to penetrate into human skin, making it also a candidate for the prevention and treatment of skin cancer.

Update on uses and properties of citrus flavonoids: new findings in anticancer, cardiovascular, and anti-inflammatory activity.

Benavente-García O, Castillo J.

Source

Research and Development Department of Nutrafur-Furfural Español S.A., Camino Viejo de Pliego s/n, 80320 Alcantarilla, Murcia, Spain. laboratorio@nutrafur.com

Abstract

Significantly, much of the activity of Citrus flavonoids appears to impact blood and microvascular endothelial cells, and it is not surprising that the two main areas of research on the biological actions of Citrus flavonoids have been inflammation and cancer. Epidemiological and animal studies point to a possible protective effect of flavonoids against cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. Although flavonoids have been studied for about 50 years, the cellular mechanisms involved in their biological action are still not completely known. Many of the pharmacological properties of Citrus flavonoids can be linked to the abilities of these compounds to inhibit enzymes involved in cell activation. Attempts to control cancer involve a variety of means, including the use of suppressing, blocking, and transforming agents. Suppressing agents prevent the formation of new cancers from procarcinogens, and blocking agents prevent carcinogenic compounds from reaching critical initiation sites, while transformation agents act to facilitate the metabolism of carcinogenic components into less toxic materials or prevent their biological actions. Flavonoids can act as all three types of agent. Many epidemiological studies have shown that regular flavonoid intake is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. In coronary heart disease, the protective effects of flavonoids include mainly antithrombotic, anti-ischemic, anti-oxidant, and vasorelaxant. It is suggested that flavonoids decrease the risk of coronary heart disease by three major actions: improving coronary vasodilatation, decreasing the ability of platelets in the blood to clot, and preventing low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) from oxidizing. The anti-inflammatory properties of the Citrus flavonoids have also been studied. Several key studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory properties of Citrus flavonoids are due to its inhibition of the synthesis and biological activities of different pro-inflammatory mediators, mainly the arachidonic acid derivatives, prostaglandins E 2, F 2, and thromboxane A 2. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Citrus flavonoids can play a key role in their activity against several degenerative diseases and particularly brain diseases. The most abundant Citrus flavonoids are flavanones, such as hesperidin, naringin, or neohesperidin. However, generally, the flavones, such as diosmin, apigenin, or luteolin, exhibit higher biological activity, even though they occur in much lower concentrations. Diosmin and rutin have a demonstrated activity as a venotonic agent and are present in several pharmaceutical products. Apigenin and their glucosides have been shown a good anti-inflammatory activity without the side effects of other anti-inflammatory products. In this paper, we discuss the relation between each structural factor of Citrus flavonoids and the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular protection activity of Citrus flavonoids and their role in degenerative diseases.


Apigenin is described as a nonmutagenic bioflavonoid which is presented in leafy plants and vegetables (e.g., parsley, artichoke, basil, celery) and has significant chemopreventive activity against UV-radiation. Current research trials indicate that it may reduce DNA oxidative damage; inhibit the growth of human leukemia cells and induced these cells to differentiate; inhibit cancer cell signal transduction and induce apoptosis; act as an anti-inflammatory; and as an anti-spasmodic or spasmolytic.
Research Overview
1. TNF-induced transactivation was inhibited by apigenin.2. (BASIC RESEARCH)
2. The antiproliferative flavonoid apigenin led to an inhibition of protein kinase CK2 activity in prostate cell lines. (BASIC RESEARCH)
3. Apigenin is cytotoxic to a particular abnormal cell line in vitro. (BASIC RESEARCH)
4. Brined olives contain higher concentrations of phenolic antioxidants, including apigenin, than olive oil and may be more important modulators of cancer chemopreventive activity.
5. Apigenin may augments prostate cancer therapy. (BASIC RESEARCH)
6. Apigenin has strong potential for development as an agent for prevention against prostate cancer. (BASIC RESEARCH)
7. Apigenin is a pleiotropic effector affecting protease-dependent invasiveness and associated processes and proliferation of tumor cells. (BASIC RESEARCH)
8. Apigenin is a promising anti-breast cancer agent and its growth inhibitory effects. (BASIC RESEARCH)
9. Apigenin inhibits UV-induced skin tumorigenesis in mice when topically applied. (ANIMAL)
10. Apigenin markedly inhibited the proliferation, and, to a lesser degree, the migration of endothelial cells, and capillary formation in vitro. (BASIC RESEARCH)
11. Suppression of nuclear receptor levels is presented as a novel mechanism whereby flavonoids exert their pleiotropic effects. (BASIC RESEARCH)
12. Apigenin may provide a new approach for the treatment of human anaplastic thyroid carcinoma for which no effective therapy is presently available. (BASIC RESEARCH)
13. Modulation of COX-2 and iNOS by apigenin may be important in the prevention of carcinogenesis and inflammation. (BASIC RESEARCH)
14. Over 50% of tested flavonoids significantly inhibited aromatase activity, with greatest activity being demonstrated with apigenin. (HUMAN)
15. Intervention with parsley, containing high levels of apigenin, seemed, partly, to overcome the decrease in antioxidant SOD. (HUMAN)
16. The flavones apigenin and luteolin strongly inhibited the growth of HL60 cells and induced morphological differentiation into granulocytes. (BASIC RESEARCH)
17. The wide distribution of isoflavonoids and flavonoids (including apigenin) in the plant kingdom, together with their anti-angiogenic and anti-mitotic properties, suggest that these phytoestrogens may contribute to the preventive effect of a plant-based diet on chronic diseases, including solid tumours. (BASIC RESEARCH)
18. Luteolin and apigenin inhibited E2-induced DNA synthesis. (BASIC RESEARCH)
19. In skin tumors, apigenin may block several points in the process of tumor promotion, including inhibiting kinases, reducing transcription factors and regulating cell cycle. (BASIC RESEARCH)
20. The effects of 21 synthetic and naturally occurring flavonoids on the in vitro growth of cells of the human breast carcinoma showed that apigenin was the most potent. (BASIC RESEARCH)
21. Flavonoids, including apigenin, may have a role in ameliorating atherosclerosis.
22. Flavonoids, including apigenin, prevent in vitro LDL oxidation and probably would be important to prevent atherosclerosis.
23. Flavonoids containing phenol B rings, included apigenin, formed prooxidant metabolites that oxidized NADH upon oxidation by peroxidase/H2O2.

Apocaps CX Apoptogen Formula for Dogs (90 capsules) BUY ON AMAZON)

THE ABOVE PRODUCTS ARE MADE FOR DOGS. I APPROVE OF THEIR INGREDIENTS. I AM SURE THEY ARE HELPFUL. BUT THESE AMOUNTS ARE SOMEWHAT SMALL AND ARE NOT MY FULL PROTOCOL THAT LUCY GETS. IF YOU  ARE JUST STARTING OUT AND WARY OF TRYING TO GIVE YOUR DOG WITH CANCER ALOT OF THE PILLS I GIVE LUCY, START WITH THESE 4 MADE FOR DOG SUPPLEMENTS AND A DIET CHANGE. AT LEAST GET STARTED.